جماليات الشعر النسوي المغاربي المعاصر -نماذج مختارة

Abstract

The feminist poetry in general and the Maghrebian poetry in particular have sparked a revolution against the classical mindset that was under the male monopoly. It took over the modelling and stereotyping which the new poets and readers were tired of. New poets have rebelled against the restrictions that limited creativity and restrained it in the cocoon of the traditional structural form and the usual rhythmic geometry. This is illustrated in the quote of AssiaDjabar : “I write to avoid death, I write to avoid oblivion”, following the Cartesian cogito that is studied according to the feminist perspective: ”I write… I am different. Therefore, I exist.” The objective of this study was to investigate all sources of creativity in the Maghrebian feminist peotry, and reveal its most prominent technical tools and aesthetic characteristics. It also aimed at highlighting the poets’ achievements and innovations, in addition to their contribution to contemporary Arabic poetry. Moreover, the study explored the characteristics of feminist writing including the physiological, psychological, historical, social and cultural differences between the two genders, based on the principles of feminist criticism, relying on the semiotic method adopting the stylistic method. The study was divided into an introduction, a theoretical chapter containing key terms, and three practical chapters tackling the questions of identity, the transformation of the female self and its obsessions, as well as the poetics of vision, the specificity of linguistic formation, and the rhetoric of visual formation. As for the conclusion, it included a number of findings, the most important of which are the following: The ability of the contemporary Maghrebian feminist poem to impose itself on the critical and literary milieu despite the controversy that still exists till today, thanks to the techniques and aesthetic characteristics it presented, through which it transcends the monolithic view of creativity.

لقد أثارت الشعرية النسوية بشكل عام والشعر المغاربي بشكل خاص ثورة ضد العقلية الكلاسيكية التي كانت تحت سيطرة الرجال. فقد سيطرت على النمذجة والصور النمطية التي كان الشاعرات والقراء الجدد قد شعروا بالملل منها. وقد تمرد الشعراء الجدد ضد القيود التي حدت من الإبداع وكبّلته في شرنقة الشكل البنيوي التقليدي والهندسة الإيقاعية المعتادة. ويتجلى ذلك في اقتباس آسيا جبار: "أكتب لتجنب الموت، أكتب لتجنب النسيان"، متبعةً الفكر الكارتيزي الذي يُدرس وفق المنظور النسوي: "أكتب... أنا مختلفة. لذلك، أنا موجودة." وكان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو التحقيق في جميع مصادر الإبداع في الشعر النسوي المغاربي، وكشف أبرز أدواته التقنية وخصائصه الجمالية. كما هدفت إلى تسليط الضوء على إنجازات الشعراء وابتكاراتهم، بالإضافة إلى مساهمتهم في الشعر العربي المعاصر.