Epidémio-surveillence de la maladie de Newcastle dans la région de sétif et Bordj bou arreridj

Abstract

Résumé Une enquête épidémiologique sur la maladie de Newcastle a été conduite pendant douze mois dans les régions de Sétif et de Bordj Bou Arreridj. Les vétérinaires ayant participé à l’enquête ont affirmé avoir relevé la présence d’une épizootie avec une forte mortalité au moins une fois avant l’enquête. Les résultats de la recherche sérologique et l’isolement de l’agent pathogène ont confirmé que cette épizootie est bien la maladie de Newcastle. L’incidence maximale de71 % de la maladie affectant 75 % des élevages de basse-cour, avec une séroprévalence atteignant souvent les 100 % après le passage de l’épizootie. Dans les villages, l’infection est apportée soit par les poules nouvellement introduites, soit par les oiseaux porteurs.Toutes les formes de la maladie de Newcastle ,épizootique, enzootique et asymptomatique ont été rencontrées, les comportements des éleveurs favorisent la généralisation de l’infection au sein d’un même village et dans les villages environs. Mots clés : Maladie de Newcastle, symptômes, épizootique, incidence. Summary: An epidemiological survey of Newcastle disease has been conducted for twelve months (from May 2016 to June 2017), two agro-ecological zones: sétif & bordj bou arreridj. The 30 families who participated in the survey claimed that they had experienced an epizootic with high mortality at least once before the survey. The results of the serological investigation and the isolation of the pathogen confirmed that this epizootic is indeed Newcastle disease. The maximum incidence (71%) of the disease affecting 75% of stockpiles, with a seroprevalence often reaching 100% after the epizootic. In the villages, infection is brought either by the newly introduced hens or by the cured birds. All forms of Newcastle disease (epizootic, enzootic and asymptomatic) were encountered. The behavior of breeders favors the generalization of the infection within the same Village and surrounding villages. Summary: An epidemiological survey of Newcastle disease has been conducted for twelve months (from May 2016 to June 2017), two agro-ecological zones: sétif & bordj bou arreridj. The 30 families who participated in the survey claimed that they had experienced an epizootic with high mortality at least once before the survey. The results of the serological investigation and the isolation of the pathogen confirmed that this epizootic is indeed Newcastle disease. The maximum incidence (71%) of the disease affecting 75% of stockpiles, with a seroprevalence often reaching 100% after the epizootic. In the villages, infection is brought either by the newly introduced hens or by the cured birds. All forms of Newcastle disease (epizootic, enzootic and asymptomatic) were encountered. The behavior of breeders favors the generalization of the infection within the same Village and surrounding villages. Summary: An epidemiological survey of Newcastle disease has been conducted for twelve months (from May 2016 to June 2017), two agro-ecological zones: sétif & bordj bou arreridj. The 30 families who participated in the survey claimed that they had experienced an epizootic with high mortality at least once before the survey. The results of the serological investigation and the isolation of the pathogen confirmed that this epizootic is indeed Newcastle disease. The maximum incidence (71%) of the disease affecting 75% of stockpiles, with a seroprevalence often reaching 100% after the epizootic. In the villages, infection is brought either by the newly introduced hens or by the cured birds. All forms of Newcastle disease (epizootic, enzootic and asymptomatic) were encountered. The behavior of breeders favors the generalization of the infection within the same Village and surrounding villages. PMV-I Paramyxovirus de sérotype 1 PMV-2 Paramyxovirus de sérotype 2 PMV-3 Paramyxovirus de sérotype 3 PMV-4 Paramyxovirus de sérotype 4 PMV-5 Paramyxovirus de sérotype 5 PMV-6 Paramyxovirus de sérotype 6 PMV-7 Paramyxovirus de sérotype 7 PMV-8 Paramyxovirus de sérotype 8 PMV-9 Paramyxovirus de sérotype 9 ARN Acide ribonucléique HN hémagglutinine neuraminidase F glycoprotéine F NDV Newcastle disease virus Cm Centimètre Ml millilitre AC anticorps AC-IHA anticorps inhibant l' hémaglutination AC- HAP anticorps d' hémaggluunation NDV antigène HI-TEST test d' inhibition de I 'hemagglutination L Litre