تعليمية القواعد النحوية وفق الخرائط الذهنية - كتاب اللغة العربية سنة خامسة ابتدائي - - انموذجا

Abstract

ﺗﻌﺘﱪ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺑﺮز ﳎﺎﻻت اﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺣﺼﺔ اﻷﺳﺪ وﻫﻲ الحقل الخصب اﻟﺬي ﻳﻬﺪف إﱃانجاح اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ. اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ أﺷﺮف و أﲰﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ وﳍﺎ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ واﻟﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ والتركيبية والدلالية، التى تسير ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ وتحكمها ﻓﻜﺎن ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ واﻟﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺷﺎق ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ للاطفال ﰲ اﻷﻃﻮار اﻷولى قديما،ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﺸﻂ وﻃﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺲ الحديثة واﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ اﺧﺘﺼﺮت ﻃﻮل وﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ذﻫﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ المتعلم ﻗﺪرة اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب واﻟﻔﻬﻢ واﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ الذاتي ،ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺳﻬﻠﻪ وﻓﻖ أﻟﻮان ورﻣﻮز وأﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺼﻤﺎء التى تعتبر ﻫﺎﺟﺲ ﻟﻠﻄﻔﻞ المتعلم ،وﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﺮح ﺟﺎء ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺗﻨﺎ اﳌﻮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﺑـــ " ّ–ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ وﻓﻖ الخرائط اﻟﺬﻫﻨﻴﺔ ." كتاب اللغة العربية سنة خامسة ابتدائي -انموذجا– ﻓﺮﺿﺖ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻣﻢ ﻧﺰع وإزاحة اﻟﺮﻛﻮد واﻟﻔﺸﻞ واﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎر أﺣﺪﺛﺖ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﺿﺠﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈدﺧﺎل وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ المتعلم ﺑﺎﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ المعلومات والمعارف. ﻳﻌﺘﱪ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺸﻂ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ الجديدة واﻟﱵ أﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻗﻔﺰة ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ مجال اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺸﻂ ﺟﻌﻞ المتعلم دورﻩ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ التلقي والمشاهدة ،أي دور المتفرج ﺑﻞ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ محور اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻪ ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻴﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻌﺎوﻧﻴﺔ الجماعية اﻟﺼﻔﻴﺔ واﻟﻼﺻﻔﻴﺔ. أﺻﺒﺤﺖ إستراتيجية اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺸﻂ ﻣﻦ الاستراتيجيات المهمة واﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ التي ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء ﻋﻨﻬﺎ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺪراﺳﻲ لأنها تعطي تحصيل دراﺳﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻪ ايجابية إن ﺗﺪرﻳﺲ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ واﻟﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ لتلاميذ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ الخامسة اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ وﻓﻖ الخريطة اﻟﺬﻫﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺮدود ﺟﻴﺪ ﰲ اﻛﺘﺴﺎﺑﻬﻢ وﻣﺪى اﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺑﻬﻢ ﳍﺎ،ﻷ ن الخريطة اﻟﺬﻫﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮ وﲣﺰﻳﻦ المعلومات وﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ

Educational is considered one of the most prominent fields of applied linguistics. It takes the lion's share and is the fertile field that aims to make the educational-learning process successful. The Arabic language is one of the most honorable and sublime languages. It is the language of science and learning, and it has its own phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic rules, which it follows and governs. Learning these grammatical and morphological rules was difficult for children in the early stages in the past, but with active education, modern teaching methods, and artificial intelligence, the length and difficulty of the rules has been shortened to a minimum. The form of mental maps facilitates the learner’s ability to absorb, understand, and self-achieve, in an easy and smooth way in a short time, and all of this is according to colors, symbols, and simplified shapes, thus those blind rules that are considered an obsession for the learning child. After this proposal came the title of our memorandum entitled “Educational Grammar According to Maps.” Mentality - the Arabic language book for the fifth year of primary school - a model- . *The educational process imposed on nations the elimination of stagnation and failure and the encouragement of innovation. *The educational process has caused a great stir in the educational field by introducing new methods that primarily help the learner receive information and knowledge. *Active learning is considered one of the most important new educational methods, which has brought about a qualitative leap in the field of education *Active learning makes the learner’s role not limited to receiving and watching, that is, the role of a spectator, but rather makes him the focus of the educational process through his participation as an active element in collective collaborative classroom and extracurricular work. *The active learning strategy has become one of the important and effective strategies that cannot be dispensed with within the academic department because it gives positive academic achievement results. *Teaching the grammatical and morphological rules of the Arabic language to fifth-year primary school students according to the mind map has a good effect on their acquisition and extent of comprehension, because the mind map greatly helps the mind to remember, store and preserve information