الافراج المشروط في التشريع الجزائري

Abstract

يهدف المشرع إلى إعادة إدماج المساجين و تأهيلهم ، ويسعى لذلك من أجل تفادي عودتهم إلى عالم الجريمة ، و لعل الإصلاحات التي جاءت بها السياسة الجنائي العقابية للمشرع الجزائري لاسيما قانون تنظيم السجون وعادة الإدماج الاجتماعي للمحبوسين ذهبت في مسار تكريس الإفراج المشروط من أجل جعله من أهم الآليات المتاحة لتسهيل عودة المسجون إلى حضن مجتمعه و بئته الأسرية ، ويعتبر الإفراج المشروط طريقة بديلة للحبس و طريقا لإعادة الإدماج، وقد وضع المشرع الجزائري شروطا للاستفادة منه، وجعل الاختصاص فيه موزعا بين قاضي تطبيق العقوبات ووزير العدل ، بحيث يفصل الأول في الطلبات الخاصة بالإفراج المشروط و خص الثاني في البث في شروط محددة و مدد محددة ، و استحدث لجانا منوط بها قانونا الفصل في طلبات الإفراج " لجنة تطبيق العقوبات " التي يترأسها قاضي تطبيق العقوبات "ولجنة تكييف العقوبات" التي يترأسها وزير العدل حافظ الأختام ، و يظهر من خلال الدراسة أن الإصلاحات و التعديلات التي أدخلها المشرع على نظام الإفراج المشروط بموجب القانون رقم 04-05 المؤرخ في 06 فبراير 2005 بدأت بوادرها تظهر في الميدان، من خلال الإحصائيات التي تحصلنا عليها و التي توضح تزايد عدد المحبوسين المستفيدين من هذا النظام يوما عن آخر، و هي تشكل مِؤشر إيجابي على نجاعة نظام الإفراج المشروط في شكله الحالي.

The legislator aims to reintegrate and rehabilitate prisoners, seeking to prevent their return to the world of crime. The reforms introduced by Algeria’s penal policy, particularly the Law on the Organization of Prisons and the Social Reintegration of Prisoners, have gone in the direction of establishing parole as one of the key mechanisms available to facilitate the prisoner’s return to his or her community and family environment. Parole is considered an alternative to imprisonment and a pathway to reintegration. The Algerian legislator has set conditions for eligibility and distributed authority between the Sentence Enforcement Judge and the Minister of Justice: the former decides on applications for parole, while the latter decides on specific conditions and timeframes. The legislator also established committees legally responsible for deciding on parole applications: the “Sentence Enforcement Committee” chaired by the Sentence Enforcement Judge, and the “Sentence Adaptation Committee” chaired by the Minister of Justice, Keeper of the Seals. The study shows that the reforms and amendments introduced to the parole system under Law No. 04-05 of February 6, 2005, have begun to show results in practice, as demonstrated by the statistics we have obtained, which reveal a growing number of prisoners benefiting from this system day by day. This constitutes a positive indicator of the effectiveness of the current parole system.

This study aims to shed light on the topic of crowdfunding platforms and their role in financing emerging institutions. This study builds a theoretical foundation on crowdfunding and its importance as one of the new sources of financing for economic projects, on the one hand, and an analytical foundation, which aims to diagnose the reality of crowdfunding at the global and Arab levels. This study uses a descriptive and analytical approach and identifies some international experiences to be able to see future prospects in light of the challenges it faces, on the other. It also highlights the operating mechanisms of these platforms and the forms of financing they provide, as well as their effectiveness in supporting entrepreneurs and startups, particularly in their early stages. The results showed that crowdfunding helps overcome funding barriers by connecting promising projects with a large audience of online supporters and investors, thereby increasing opportunities for growth and innovation. The study recommends supporting this type of financing with appropriate legal and technical frameworks, given its essential role in revitalizing the entrepreneurial environment and economic development.