Valorisation D’une Espéce De La Famille Des Asteraceaes, Centaurea Shaerocephala L, Aspect Phytochimique Et Antibactérien Dans La Région De Chihani ; Wilaya D’El Taref

Abstract

Résumé La valorisation des plantes spontanées consiste à transformer la flore qui pousse naturellement en ressources à haute valeur ajoutée. L'objectif de cette étude est de contribuer à la valorisation d'une espèce de la famille des Astéracées, Centaurea sphaerocephala L, dans la région de Chihani–Drean, wilaya D'El Tarf, nord-est Algérien. Cette plante possède une importance pharmacologique notable, notamment en médecine traditionnelle locale. L'étude a débuté par une enquête ethnobotanique visant à collecter des informations sur son utilisation en phytothérapie, suivie d'une étude phytochimique, étude histologique et enfin, d'une évaluation de l'activité antibactérienne. D'après les résultats de l'enquête ethnobotanique, 60 % de la population interrogée ne connaît pas la plante ; cependant, parmi les utilisateurs, la décoction représente le mode d'emploi le plus fréquent (59 %), principalement pour traiter les coliques, les ballonnements et les troubles digestifs (71 %). Le screening phytochimique a révélé la présence de plusieurs métabolites secondaires dans la partie aérienne de la plante, notamment des flavonoïdes (+++), des saponosides (++), des tanins (++), des alcaloïdes (++), des coumarines (++) et des stérols/terpènes (+). Les coupes histologiques ont montré une organisation typique des tissus végétatifs (feuilles et tiges). Les essais antimicrobiens ont démontré que les extraits aqueux et méthanoliques de Centaurea sphaerocephala L. présentent un pouvoir antibactérien variable selon les souches testées (Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli ;et champignons), avec une sensibilité plus marquée à l'extrait aqueux. Enfin, afin de préserver cette espèce et de valoriser son potentiel thérapeutique, il est nécessaire d'intensifier les actions de recherche et de conservation. Summary The valorization of spontaneous plants consists of transforming naturally growing flora into high value-added resources. This study aims to contribute to the valorization of a species belonging to the Asteraceae family, Centaurea sphaerocephala L., in the Chihani–Drean region, wilaya of El Tarf, in north-eastern Algeria. This plant holds notable pharmacological importance, particularly in local traditional medicine. The study began with an ethnobotanical survey aimed at collecting information on its use in herbal medicine, followed by a phytochemical analysis, a histological study, and finally an evaluation of its antibacterial activity. The results of the ethnobotanical survey revealed that 60% of the respondents were unfamiliar with this plant; however, among those who use it, decoction was found to be the most common method of preparation (59%), primarily to treat colic, bloating, and digestive disorders (71%). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites in the aerial parts of the plant, notably flavonoids (+++), saponosides (++), tannins (++), alkaloids (++), coumarins (++), as well as sterols and terpenes (+). Histological sections revealed a typical tissue organization of the vegetative organs (leaves and stems). Antimicrobial assays demonstrated that the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Centaurea sphaerocephala L. exhibit variable antibacterial activity depending on the tested strains (Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, and fungi), with greater sensitivity observed toward the aqueous extract. Finally, in order to preserve this species and harness its therapeutic potential, it is essential to intensify scientific research efforts and conservation measures. Summary The valorization of spontaneous plants consists of transforming naturally growing flora into high value-added resources. This study aims to contribute to the valorization of a species belonging to the Asteraceae family, Centaurea sphaerocephala L., in the Chihani–Drean region, wilaya of El Tarf, in north-eastern Algeria. This plant holds notable pharmacological importance, particularly in local traditional medicine. The study began with an ethnobotanical survey aimed at collecting information on its use in herbal medicine, followed by a phytochemical analysis, a histological study, and finally an evaluation of its antibacterial activity. The results of the ethnobotanical survey revealed that 60% of the respondents were unfamiliar with this plant; however, among those who use it, decoction was found to be the most common method of preparation (59%), primarily to treat colic, bloating, and digestive disorders (71%). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites in the aerial parts of the plant, notably flavonoids (+++), saponosides (++), tannins (++), alkaloids (++), coumarins (++), as well as sterols and terpenes (+). Histological sections revealed a typical tissue organization of the vegetative organs (leaves and stems). Antimicrobial assays demonstrated that the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Centaurea sphaerocephala L. exhibit variable antibacterial activity depending on the tested strains (Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, and fungi), with greater sensitivity observed toward the aqueous extract. Finally, in order to preserve this species and harness its therapeutic potential, it is essential to intensify scientific research efforts and conservation measures.